动词不规则变化

2009/9/30 11:44:16 自力教育 [28574]
(1)动词不规则变化是指动词的过去式和过去分词不按一定的规则变化。
(2)动词不规则变化的具体变化规则如下。
1)现在式、过去式、过去分词同形。如
read→read→read,put→put→put,hit→hit→hit,let→let→let,cost→cost→cost,spread→spread→spread.
例句:
  I have read this book twice before.
  这本书我已经读过两遍了。
  The book hit me on the head.
  书打中了我的脑袋。
  I put the apple in the corner.
  我把苹果放在墙角。
2)过去式、过去分词同形。如
win→won→won,dig→dug→dug,find→found→found,feel→felt→felt,leave→left→left,meet→met→met,sit→sat→sat,stand→stood→stood,say→said→said,tell→told→told,make→made→made,hear→heard→heard,sell→sold→sold.
例句:
  I stood up and turned.
  我站起来,转过身。
  It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
  它觉察到自己被发现了,于是逃跑了。
  I sat quietly staring at the apple.
  我静静地坐在那里盯着苹果。
  I felt happy at being praised by parents.
  被父母夸奖我感到很高兴。
3)现在式与过去分词同形。如
come→came→come,become→ became→become,run→ran→run.
例句:
  It was aware of having been found,then it ran away.
  它觉察到自己被发现了,于是逃跑了。
4)现在式、过去式、过去分词三种各不同形。如
 is(am,are)→was(was, were)→been,do→did→done,go→went→gone,lie→lay→lain,begin→began→begun,ring→rang→rung,sing→sang→sung,swim→swam→swum,see→saw→seen,eat→ate→eaten,give→gave→given,take→took→taken,fall→fell→fallen,know→knew→known,throw→ threw→ thrown,wear→wore→worn,speak→spoke→spoken,choose→ chose→ chosen,break →broke →broken,
drive→ drove→ driven,write→ wrote→ written,forget→ forgot→ forgot(ten),
get→ got→ got(ten),hide→ hid→ hid(den),show→ showed → show(showed)。
例句:
  I was reading a book and eating an apple.
  我正在吃着苹果读书。
  A book fell off the bookshelf.
  一本书从书架上掉了下来。
  I saw a little rat on the top of the shelf.
  我看见书架顶上有一只小老鼠。
  I took a bottle of liquid medicine to kill the rat.
  我拿了一瓶灭鼠药水。
  The rat died before it ate up the apple.
  老鼠还没吃完苹果就死掉了。
  I got angry with this rat.
我生了这只老鼠的气。

  (3)另注:
  1)一些动词变化的英美不同。
  <1>burn,dream,learn,spell,smell,lean,spill,spoil在美语中为规则动词;在英语中可为规则动词,不过用作不规则动词较为普通。
  <2>在美语中wake的过去分词也可用waked.
  <3> fit,quit和wet在英语中是规则动词;但在美语中是不规则动词,三种形式相同。
  <4>dive在英语中是规则动词;在美语中则为不规则:dive→dove→dived.
  <5>get的过去分词在美语中也常是gotten.
  2)字典里有少数动词的过去分词有两个,其中的一个字尾为“en”,此类字尾为“en”的过去分词现在多用作形容词,而不用作时态之一部份(即不用作完成时态里的过去分词)。
    如:ill-gotten wealth不义之财。gotten是作形容词用的过去分词。
  He has got wealth by ill means.
  他以不正当的手段得到钱财。got是完成式里的过去分词。
  3)助动词只有现在式和过去式,没有过去分词。
  现在式 过去式 过去分词
  shall should 无
  can could 无
  will would 无
  may might 无
  must 无 无
ought 无 无